Buwayhid

The Buwayhids or Buyyids or Āl-i Buyeh, were a Shi'ite tribal confederation from Daylam, a region on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.

Related Topics:
Shi'ite - Daylam - Caspian Sea

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In pre-Islamic times they had served as mercenaries for the Sasanian kings of Iran, but were independent from their rule. They were considered a formidable military force, especially because of their ability as foot soldiers. Succession of power was hereditary, with fathers dividing their land among their sons. During the time of Harun al-Rashid, the Alid people sought refuge among them.

Related Topics:
Islam - Sasanian - Iran - Hereditary - Harun al-Rashid - Alid

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The start of the Buwayhid confederation was led by Ali b. Buya and his two younger brothers, al-Hasan and Ahmad. After having secured a partnership with an important Persian landowner named Zayd b. Ali al-Nawbandajani, Ali was able to recruit an army to defeat a Turkish general from Baghdad named Yaqut_(General) in 934. After that they established power within the crumbling Abbasid empire in the form of a confederation rather than a new empire. They were known for the revival of Persian culture. Buwayhid leaders were known as Shâhanshâh (شاهنشاه), literally king of kings.

Related Topics:
Ali b. Buya - Persian - Zayd b. Ali al-Nawbandajani - Baghdad - Yaqut_(General) - 934 - Shâhanshâh

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During the 900s, Buwayhid dynasties took power in Fars (southwestern Iran, 934-1062); Rayy (977-1029); Jibal (932-1028); Kerman (936-1048). From 945-1055, a Buwayhid dynasty ruled Baghdad and most of Iraq.

Related Topics:
900s - Fars - Iran - Rayy - Jibal - Kerman - Baghdad - Iraq

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During the mid 1000s the Buwayhid dynasties all fell to the Seljuks or their allies.

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Their Amirs and Sultans are listed below:

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Diylamids of Fars

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• Emad o-dowleh Abol Hasan 932-939
• Azad o-dowleh 939-982
• Sharaf o-dowleh 982-989
• Samsam o-dowleh 989-998
• Baha o-dowleh 998-1012
• Soltan o-dowleh 1012-1024
• Emad o-dowleh Abu Kalijar 1024-1048
• Malek Rahim Abu Nasr Khosrow Firuz 1048-1055

Diylamids of Khuzestan and Kerman

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• Mo'ez o-dowleh 932-966
• Azad o-dowleh Bakhtiar 966-977
• Azado o-dowleh Abu Shoja' 977-982
• Baha o-dowleh 989-1012
• Soltan o-dowleh 1012-1021
• Abu Kalijar Marzban 1043-1048
• Ghavam o-dowleh 1012-1028
• Abu Mansur Fulad sotoon 1048-1056

Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan

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• Rokn o-dowleh 932-976
• Mo'ayyed o-dowleh 976-983
• Fakhr o-dowleh 976-997
• Majd o-dowleh 997-1029
• Shams o-dowleh 997-1021
• Sama o-dowleh 1021-1023
 
Buwayhid: See also ►