Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, {{ussc|347|483|1954}} was a landmark case of the United States Supreme Court which explicitly outlawed de jure racial segregation of public education facilities (legal establishment of separate government-run schools for blacks and whites), ruling so on the grounds that the doctrine of "separate but equal" public education could never truly provide black Americans with facilities of the same standards available to white Americans. A companion case dealt with the constitutionality of segregation in the District of Columbia, (not a state and therefore not subject to the Fourteenth Amendment), Bolling v. Sharpe, {{ussc|347|497|1954}}.

Related cases

• Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932)* - access to counsel
• Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954)* - the Fourteenth Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or Negro,
• Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944)* - non-white voters in primary elections
• Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948)* - restrictive covenants
• Mendez v. Westminister School District, 64 F.Supp. 544 (1946)* - prohibits segregating Mexican-american children in Ca.
• Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950)* - segregated law schools in Texas
• McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950)* - prohibits segregation in a public institution of higher learning
• Briggs v. Elliott, 347 U.S. 483 * Brown Case #1 - Summerton, South Carolina.
• Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Civ. A. No. 1333* Brown Case #2 - Prince Edward County, Virginia.
• Gebhart v. Belton, 33 Del. Ch. 144* Brown Case #3 - Claymont, Delaware
• Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954)* Brown companion case - Washington, DC
• NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449 (1958)* - privacy of NAACP membership lists, and free association of members
• Boynton v. Virginia, 364 U.S. 454 (1960)* - outlawed racial segregation in public transportation
• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964)* - banned racial discrimination in public places, particularly in public accommodations even in private property.
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971)* - established bussing as a solution
• Milliken v. Bradley, 418 U.S. 717 (1974)* - rejected bussing across school district lines.
• List of United States Supreme Court Cases

* See court citation for an explanation of these numbers.

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