Borax

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Properties

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General

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Name

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Sodium tetraborate decahydrate

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Chemical formula

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{{sodium}}{{sub|2}}{{boron}}{{sub|4}}{{oxygen}}{{sub|7}}{{hydrate|10}}

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Appearance

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White solid

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Physical

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Formula weight

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381.4 amu

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Melting point

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Decomposes at 348 K (75 °C)

Related Topics:
K - °C

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Density

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1.7 ×103 kg/m3

Related Topics:
Kg - M

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Crystal structure

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monoclinic (Spacegroup C2/c) for the decahydrate

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Solubility

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55 g in 100g water

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Thermochemistry

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ΔfH0solid

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-6289kJ/mol

Related Topics:
KJ - Mol

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S0solid

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586 J/mol·K

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Safety

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Ingestion

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GI irritation, large doses may be fatal.

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Inhalation

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May cause irritation.

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Skin

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May cause irritation.

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Eyes

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May cause irritation.

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More info

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Hazardous Chemical Database

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SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references

Related Topics:
SI - Standard - Disclaimer and references

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Borax, also called sodium borate or sodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound. It is a soft white many-sided crystal that dissolves easily in water. If left exposed to dry air, it slowly loses its water of hydration and become the white chalky mineral tincalconite ({{sodium}}{{sub|2}}{{boron}}{{sub|4}}{{oxygen}}{{sub|7}}{{hydrate|5}}). Commercially sold borax is usually partially dehydrated.

Related Topics:
Boron - Compound - Crystal - Dissolves - Water - Water of hydration - Mineral - Tincalconite

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Borax occurs naturally in evaporite deposits produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes (see playa). The most commercially important deposits are found near Boron, California and other locations in the American southwest, the Atacama desert in Chile, and in Tibet. Borax may also be produced synthetically from other boron compounds.

Related Topics:
Evaporite - Playa - Boron, California - American - Atacama desert - Chile - Tibet

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Borax is widely used in detergents, water softeners, soaps, disinfectants, and pesticides. One of its most widely advertised uses was as a hand-cleaner for industrial workers. It is used in making enamel glazes, glass and strengthening pottery and ceramics. It is also easily converted to boric acid or borate, which have many applications.

Related Topics:
Detergent - Soap - Disinfectant - Pesticide - Enamel - Glaze - Glass - Ceramic - Boric acid - Borate

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A mixture of borax and ammonium chloride is used as a flux when welding iron and steel. It lowers the melting point of the unwanted iron oxide (scale), allowing it to run off. Borax is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver. It allows the molten solder to flow evenly over the joint in question.

Related Topics:
Ammonium chloride - Flux - Welding - Iron - Steel - Iron oxide - Jewelry - Metal - Gold - Silver

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When used in a mixture, borax can be used to kill carpenter ants. Borax is also an ingredient in Slime.

Related Topics:
Carpenter ant - Slime

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The origin of the name is traceable to the Persian word bürah.

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The word was also used disparagingly in the 1940s to refer to tawdrily designed modernistic furniture and other works of industrial design. Some say that the use came from advertisement displays for the household clearer, though the use may also derive from the Yiddish word "borachs," meaning rented furniture.

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