Bone

Bone is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bones support body structures, protect internal organs, and (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; are also involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage. The bones of an animal are, collectively, known as the skeleton. Bone has a different composition than cartilage, and both are derived from mesoderm. In common parlance, cartilage can also be called "bone", certainly when referring to animals that only have cartilage as hard connective tissue, such as cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) like sharks. True bone is present in bony fish (Osteichthyes) and all tetrapods.

Related Topics:
Hard - Endoskeletal - Connective tissue - Vertebrate - Animal - Organ - Muscle - Movement - Cell formation - Calcium metabolism - Mineral storage - Skeleton - Cartilage - Mesoderm - Chondrichthyes - Shark - Osteichthyes - Tetrapod

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

There are several evolutionary alternatives to bone. These evolutionary solutions are not completely functionally analogous to bone.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• Exoskeletal protection is offered by shells, carapaces (consisting of calcium compounds or silica) and chitinous exoskelotons.
• A true endoskeleton (that is, protective tissue derived from mesoderm) is also present in Echinoderms. Porifera (sponges) possess simple endoskeletons that consist of calcareous or siliceous spicules and a spongin fiber network.

Bones and skeletons are studied in osteology. Bones can be prepared for study by several methods, such as maceration.

Related Topics:
Osteology - Maceration

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

 
Bone: Functions ►