Boleslaus III of Poland

Boleslaus III the Wrymouth (Polish: Boles?aw III Krzywousty; 1085?1138) was duke of Poland from 1102. He was a son of Duke Wladislaus Herman and Judith of Bohemia, daughter of emperor Henry III. Boleslaus III was thus the brother-in-law of emperor Henry IV.

Related Topics:
Polish - 1085 - 1138 - Poland - 1102 - Wladislaus Herman - Judith of Bohemia - Emperor Henry IV

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He defeated the Pomeranians at the Battle of Nak?o in 1109, and took control of Pomerania between 1119 and 1123, once again regaining Polish access to the Baltic Sea. The government of the local Pomeranians was left in place. He also defeated Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1109, in the Battle of G?ogów and Battle of Psie Pole. However in 1135 he became a vassal of Henry's son Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor, with Pomerania and Rügen as the fief.

Related Topics:
Pomerania - Battle of Nak?o - 1109 - 1119 - 1123 - Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor - Battle of G?ogów - Battle of Psie Pole - Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor

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Boleslaus also campaigned in Hungary from 1132 to 1135, but to little effect.

Related Topics:
Hungary - 1132 - 1135

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First he married Zbyslava, daughter of Sviatopolk II, grand duke of Kyiv. They had one son:

Related Topics:
Zbyslava - Sviatopolk II - Kyiv

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• Wladislaus II the Exile (b. 1105), King of Poland

Second he married Salome von Berg-Schelklingen, with whom he had 14 children (6 sons + 8 daughters) from whom we know of 4 sons and 5 daughters:

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• Boleslaus IV the Curly (b. 1125)
• Mieszko III the Old (b. 1126)
• Henry of Sandomierz (b. 1127)
• Casimir the Just (b. 1138)
• Rycheza of Poland (b. 12 april 1116), married to grandduke Volodar
• Dobronega of Poland (b. 1128), married Markis Dietrich of Niederlausitz
• Gertruda of Poland
• Judith of Poland (b. 1132), married Otto I of Brandenburg
• Agnes of Poland (b. 1137), married Mstislav II of Kiev

Before his death in 1138 he announced the testament (Boleslaus the Wrymouth's testament) dividing his land between four of his sons. The "senioral principle" established in the testament stated, that at every time the oldest member of the dynasty was to have a supreme power over the rest and also control an indivisible "senioral part" - a vast stripe of land running N-S through the middle of Poland, with Kraków as the main city. Senior's prerogatives included also control over Pomerania, which was a fief of the Empire. The principle was quickly broken, which began an almost 200 years period of feudal dissolution in Poland.

Related Topics:
Boleslaus the Wrymouth's testament - Kraków - Feudal

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