Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (German: Die Berliner Mauer) was a long barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the surrounding territory of East Germany. The East German authorities called it the ?antifaschistischer Schutzwall? (Anti-Fascist Protection Wall). Its purpose was to restrict access between West Berlin and East Germany. It was built in 1961 and fortified over the years, but was opened to unrestricted transit on November 9, 1989 and subsequently almost entirely demolished.

References

• William F. Buckley, Jr.. The Fall of the Berlin Wall. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. ISBN 0471267364. (A concise, very readable account of the history of the wall.)
• Curtis Cate. The Ides of August: The Berlin Wall Crisis--1961. New York City: M. Evans, 1978.
• Honoré M. Catudal. Kennedy and the Berlin Wall Crisis. West Berlin: Berlin Verlag, 1980.
• John F. Kennedy. July 25, 1961 speech
• Peter Wyden. Wall: The Inside Story of Divided Berlin. New York City: Simon and Schuster, 1989.