Baldur von Schirach

Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (May 9, 1907 – August 8, 1974) was a prominent Nazi official, the head of the Hitler-Jugend (HJ, Hitler Youth) and Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Imperial Governor") of Vienna.

Related Topics:
May 9 - 1907 - August 8 - 1974 - Nazi - Hitler-Jugend - Vienna

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Schirach was born in Weimar, the son of theatre director Rittmeister Karl von Schirach and his American wife Emma. Through his mother, Schirach claimed descent from two signers of the American Declaration of Independence.

Related Topics:
American - Declaration of Independence

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Schirach joined a Wehrjugendgruppe (military cadet group) aged only ten and became a member of the NSDAP in 1925. He soon gained the respect of Hitler and was transferred to Munich and in 1929 became leader of the Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Studentenbunds (NSDStB, National Socialist Students' Union). In 1931 he was a Reichsjugendführer (youth leader) in the NSDAP and in 1933 he was made head of the Hitler Jugend and given a SA rank of Gruppenführer. He was made a state secretary in 1936.

Related Topics:
NSDAP - Hitler - Reichsjugendführer - SA - State secretary - 1936

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In 1940 he organized the evacuation of 5 million children from cities threatened by Allied bombing. Later that year, he joined the army and served briefly in France before being recalled. Schirach lost control of the HJ to Arthur Axmann; Hitler instead made him Gauleiter (or Reichsstatthalter) of the Reichsgau Vienna, and he remained in that post until the end of the war. He criticized the treatment of the Jews and forbade his staff at the HJ to take part in the Kristallnacht. When he also demanded a better treatment of the Eastern Europeans, he fell into disfavour by Hitler.

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Schirach surrendered in 1945 and was one of the officials put on trial at Nuremberg. At the trial Schirach was one of only two men to denounce Hitler (the other was Albert Speer). He said that he did not know about the extermination camps. He also provided evidence that he had protested to Martin Bormann about the inhumane treatment of the Jews. He was found guilty on October 1, 1946, of conspiring to commit "crimes against peace" and of "crimes against humanity". He was sentenced and served twenty years as prisoner of war in Spandau Prison.

Related Topics:
Nuremberg - Albert Speer - Martin Bormann - Prisoner of war - Spandau Prison

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He was repatriated on September 30, 1966, and retired quietly to southern Germany. He published his memoirs, Ich glaubte an Hitler ("I believed in Hitler"), in 1967 and died in Kröv-an-der-Mosel.

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He had married Henriette Hoffman in 1932, and they had three sons and a daughter. She divorced him in 1950 while he was in prison.

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