Axis Powers

The Axis Powers is a term for those participants in World War II opposed to the Allies. The 3 major Axis powers, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Empire of Japan, referred to themselves as the "Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis". The Axis powers ruled empires that dominated large portions of Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, but they were ultimately defeated in the end of World War II. Like the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, and some nations entered and later left the Axis during the course of the war.

Under direct internal Axis control

Manchukuo (Manchuria)

Manchukuo, meaning Manchuria, was a puppet state set up by Japan on February 18, 1932. The country's independence was not recognized by the League of Nations causing Japan to withdraw from the League. Italy, Germany and the Japanese-puppet government of China under Wang Jingwei were the only major governments to recognize the Japanese backed state. In the following order, these other states later recognized the existence of this nation: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ba Maw Burmese Nation, Thailand, the Indian government of Subhas Chandra Bose, and The Vatican. Manchuria met its dissolution in 1945 following Japan's defeat ending World War II.

Related Topics:
Manchukuo - Manchuria - February 18 - 1932 - League of Nations - Wang Jingwei - Costa Rica - El Salvador - Ba Maw - Thailand - Subhas Chandra Bose - The Vatican

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In Manchukuo there were also some anti-Communist White Russians leaders known as the "Duce" Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky and General Kislistin. They sought to persuade the Imperial Japanese Army to invade Russian Siberia, for the purpose of establishing an anti-Soviet pro-Axis Russian government in the Russian Far East.

Related Topics:
White Russians - Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky - General Kislistin - Imperial Japanese Army - Siberia - Russian Far East

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Mengjiang

Mengjiang (Mengchiang) was a client state organized by Japan on February 18, 1936. The country's independence was merely theoretical, since principal political power remained firmly with "local" Japanese establishment. The local leader under the Japanese administration was the Mongol Prince Demchugdongrub.

Related Topics:
Mengjiang - Demchugdongrub

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The Japanese Army's ostensible purpose there was an eventual invasion of Soviet Siberia, during which it would advance the frontiers of Menchiang to Soviet Outer Mongolia. This was an attempt to exploit Pan-Mongol nationalist spirit and promise a future unified great Mongol nation.

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Mengjiang vanished in 1945 following Japan's defeat ending World War II and the invasion of Soviet and Red Mongol Armies.

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Nanjing Puppet State

Reformed Government of the Republic of China is a term applied to a puppet state in central China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). This short-lived state was founded March 29, 1940 by Wang Chingwei, who became Head of State of the Japanese supported collaborationist government based in Nanjing. Its flag was similar to that of the Republic of China, whose flag is still flown in Taiwan. On September 9, 1945, following the defeat of Japan in World War II, the area was surrendered to General Ho Ying-ching, a Nationalist General loyal to Chiang Kai-shek. Additionally, Japanese forces organized other minor "independent" nations or political entities in occupied lands on the Chinese mainland, from the Inner Mongolia to Guangdong how Beijing

Related Topics:
Reformed Government of the Republic of China - Second Sino-Japanese War - Wang Chingwei - Nanjing - Republic of China - Taiwan - World War II - Chiang Kai-shek - Inner Mongolia - Guangdong - Beijing

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local government (East Yi Anti-Communist Autonomous Administration)

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between other examples.

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Vichy France

Following the successful invasion of France by German forces and the capture of Paris, France surrendered to Germany on 24 June 1940. Germany divided France into occupied and non-occupied zones with the latter under the leadership of the Vichy government, which was the de facto government of France led by prime minister Henri Philippe Pétain. The occupation resulted in a divided French state splintered into Vichy France and France. Charles de Gaulle directed forces called the Free French Forces in exile.

Related Topics:
France - Germany - 1940 - Vichy government - Henri Philippe Pétain - Charles de Gaulle - Free French Forces

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The Allies feared that Vichy French-controlled colonies around the world would be used by Axis forces as bases, and many were attacked by Allied forces, beginning with the destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir on July 3, 1940. Vichy forces often fought back vigorously, and were occasionally assisted by German, Italian or Japanese forces. Perhaps the most notable example of a Vichy-controlled colony used as an Axis base was French Indochina, which became the starting point for the Japanese invasions of Thailand, Malaya and Borneo.

Related Topics:
Colonies - Destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir - July 3 - 1940 - French Indochina - Thailand - Malaya - Borneo

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Like the other states created by the Axis, Vichy France would not remain on any postbellum maps. Vichy France ceased to exist on September 3, 1944 following the victory of Allied forces and restoration of the French Republic over all Vichy territories, colonies, and land holdings.

Related Topics:
Allied - French Republic

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Lokot Republic

During Axis armed actions of Operation Barbarossa in June 22, 1941, along of occupation plans in Reichskommissariat der Ostland and Reichskommissariat der Ukraine, Axis forces developed one certain political and administrative experiment between your controlled lands, in the so-called Lokot Republic.

Related Topics:
Operation Barbarossa - Reichskommissariat der Ostland - Reichskommissariat der Ukraine - Lokot Republic

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This territory if one little anti-Soviet Russian pro-Axis local administration under Axis direct control, leading in first place by Constantine Voskoboinik, more later succeeded for Bronislaw Kaminski, himself also commander of native anti-communist forces of Russian National Liberation Army or RONA. The idea of liberation from the Bolsheviks found noticeable support in Russian-occupied areas, and same state are one example of well collaboration with natives and Axis forces. Another Russian anti-communist leader with similar thinking was Andrey Vlasov and his local anti-Stalinist pro-Axis force of Russian Liberation Army (ROA).

Related Topics:
Russia - Constantine Voskoboinik - Bronislaw Kaminski - Russian National Liberation Army - RONA - Bolsheviks - Andrey Vlasov - Russian Liberation Army

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The Republic's life came to an end in 1943, soon after the war on the Eastern Front changed course at Stalingrad Battle.

Related Topics:
Eastern Front - Stalingrad

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Belarusian Central Rada

In Axis forces occupation period, theirs attempted to establish a similar puppet state in Belarus with local government under the name of Belarusian Central Rada (BCR), with similar state symbols of ancient Belarusian nation. (The chairman of the BCR was Radas?a? Astro?ski). This "nation" vanished after the Axis defeat in the Eastern Front in 1944.

Related Topics:
Belarus - Belarusian Central Rada - Radas?a? Astro?ski - Eastern Front

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Reichskommissariats of Ostland and Ukraine

In Axis direct military administration in Reichskommissariat der Ostland and Reichskommissariat der Ukraine, theirs managed

Related Topics:
Reichskommissariat der Ostland - Reichskommissariat der Ukraine

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the political control along some native collaborators, and permit

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at lasts certain rights and support local culture in purpose

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for gaining local friendship. In Ukraine exist some local

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nationalists why proposed to Axis military authorities

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nominal independence or autonomy. Inclusive military authorities

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joining natives suggest and permit some military volunteers

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units between Axis forces in occupied territories.

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At contrary, the Axis civil administration, assigned at Schleshwig-Holstein Gauleiter Heinrich Lohse (for Ostland) and East Prussia Gauleiter Erich Koch (for Ukraine) are very hard, with massive exploitation of natural resources, local workers deportations, measures for Jews, etc., during

Related Topics:
Schleshwig-Holstein - Heinrich Lohse - Ostland - East Prussia - Erich Koch - Ukraine - Jews

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yours all administrative period. Alfred Rosenberg, previously

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at commenced of Axis Eastern Front campaign, suggest the

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some administrative organization in future USSR conquest

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lands in next Reichskommissariats: Ostland (Baltic States),Ukraine, Kaukassus (Caucasia lands) and Moskau (Moscow and the rest of Russian European areas surrounding). This territories extended from European frontier to Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line. Mentioned proposes stay in line with "Lebensraumpolitik" and "Lebensraum im Osten" (the creation of more living space for Germans in the east) geopolitical strategies for future German east provinces expansion in benefits of "Aryan" generations in next centuries.

Related Topics:
Reichskommissar - Ostland - Baltic States - Ukraine - Kaukassus - Caucasia - Moskau - Moscow - Arkhangelsk - Astrakhan - Lebensraum - Germans - Aryan

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These military and civil administrative policies in territories previously mentioned and respectives geopolitical and expansionist ambitious plans if maintaining until when Axis military situation turning in Stalingrad and Kursk during 1943-1944.

Related Topics:
Stalingrad - Kursk

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White Russian Client State in Soviet Far East

Axis forces in North Asian lands during Pacific War

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pretend the organization of Client State in Soviet Far East,

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similarly at Far Eastern Republic.

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In accord with Tanaka Memorial and Hakko Ichiu

Related Topics:
Tanaka Memorial - Hakko Ichiu

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Geopolitical doctrines, between Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia (1905-1940), also theirs ideed, in eventually of land invasion in Siberia, the foundation of some political entity in Russian Far East, possibly leading by White Russian chief Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky and General Kislistin, under orders of Axis direct administration, in similar form of ancient Japanese administration in Baikal, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok during 1918-1922, also included Kamchatka, occupied for theirs in 1918-1927. These leaders poses orders to establishing one "counterrevolutionaire antisoviet" pro Axis movement and new order government. These political entity served too how "Bulwark" along Chosen and Manchukuo, against Russian Soviet influence.

Related Topics:
Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia (1905-1940) - Siberia - Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky - General Kislistin - Baikal - Khabarovsk - Vladivostok - Kamchatka - Chosen - Manchukuo

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The excuse for such political entity are why at Japan poses debt

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to establish "order" in Siberia, debt at "chaos" provoked

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by suppose Soviet defeating for victorious Axis Forces in

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European Eastern Front and prevent eventual American

Related Topics:
Eastern Front - American

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aid to Soviet demoralized Government, finding refugee in these territory. At the same time, this areas, served how "springboard", for next anti-Stalinist operations in nearest Siberian lands, along Outer Mongolia. Axis commanders, considered at Red Army detachment in Far East, how "easy prey" under these situation, theirs expected your total defeating in December 1941.

Related Topics:
Soviet - Outer Mongolia - Red Army

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These plans, originally ideed during 1929-1939 Russo-Japanese Incidents, more later retaken in 1941-1942 period, during European Eastern Front fight (Operation Barbarossa), for less needed of Axis forces arriving to Volga river at finish of July 1941, time chosen for commenced operations in the area. This project to definitively stopped when occurred Stalingrad Axis defeat in 1943.

Related Topics:
Operation Barbarossa - Volga - Stalingrad

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