Atomic theory

The atomic theory is a theory of the nature of matter. It states that all matter is composed of atoms. The philosophical background of the atomic theory is called atomism. This definition is valid for the matter commonly surrounding us. Strictly speaking it is not valid in plasmas or other particular environments characterized for instance by very large pressure (e.g. neutron stars).

Importance

Arguably, the atomic theory is one of the most important theories in the history of science, with wide-ranging implications for both pure and applied science. The theory is credited to John Dalton, an 18th- and 19th century British chemist.

Related Topics:
History of science - John Dalton - 19th century

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Modern chemistry (and biochemistry) is based upon the theory that all matter is made up of atoms of different elements which cannot be transmuted by chemical means. In turn, chemistry has allowed for the development of the pharmaceutical industry, the petrochemical industry, and many others.

Related Topics:
Chemistry - Biochemistry - Elements - Transmuted - Pharmaceutical - Petrochemical

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Much of thermodynamics is understandable in terms of kinetic theory, whereby gases are considered to be made up of either atoms or molecules, behaving in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. This was, in turn, a large driving force behind the industrial revolution.

Related Topics:
Thermodynamics - Kinetic theory - Molecule - Newton's laws of motion - Industrial revolution

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Indeed, many macroscopic properties of matter are best understood in terms of atoms. Other examples include friction, material science and semiconductor theory. The latter is particularly important, as it is the foundation of electronics.

Related Topics:
Macroscopic - Friction - Material science - Semiconductor - Electronics

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