Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave trade was the capture and transport of black Africans into bondage and servitude in the New World. It is sometimes called the Maafa by African-Americans. This term means holocaust or great disaster in kiswahili. The slaves were one element of a three-part economic cycle—the Triangular Trade and its infamous Middle Passage—which ultimately involved four continents, four centuries and the lives and fortunes of millions of people.

References

• Anstey, Roger. The Atlantic Slave Trade and British abolition, 1760-1810. London: Macmillan, 1975
• Clarke, Dr. John Henrik. Christopher Columbus and the Afrikan Holocaust: Slavery and the Rise of European Capitalism
• Diop, Er. Cheikh Anta. Precolonial Black Africa: A Comparative Study of the Political and Social Systems of Europe and Black Africa
• Drescher, Seymour. From Slavery to Freedom: Comparative Studies in the Rise and Fall of Atlantic Slavery. London: Macmillan Press, 1999.
• Franklin, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom
• Rodney, Walter. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Howard University Press; Revised edition, 1981
• Williams, Chancellor. Destruction of Black Civilization
• Williams, Eric. Capitalism & Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.