Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (also known as machine intelligence and often abbreviated as AI) is intelligence exhibited by any manufactured (i.e. ) system. The term is often applied to general purpose computers and also in the field of scientific investigation into the theory and practical application of AI. "AI" the term is often used in works of science fiction to refer to that which exhibits artificial intelligence as well, as in "the AI" referring to a singular discrete or distributed mechanism.

Machines displaying some degree of intelligence

There are many examples of programs displaying some degree of intelligence. Some of these are:

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• Twenty Questions - A neural-net based game of 20 questions
• The Start Project - a web-based system which answers questions in English.
• Brainboost - another question-answering system
• askEd! - a multi-lingual question answering system
• Cyc, a knowledge base with vast collection of facts about the real world and logical reasoning ability.
• Jabberwacky, a learning chatterbot
• ALICE, a chatterbot
• Alan, another chatterbot
• Albert One, multi-faceted chatterbot
• ELIZA, a program which pretends to be a psychotherapist, developed in 1966
• PAM (Plan Applier Mechanism) - a story understanding system developed by John Wilensky in 1978.
• SAM (Script applier mechanism) - a story understanding system, developed in 1975.
• SHRDLU - an early natural language understanding computer program developed in 1968-1970.
• Creatures, a computer game with breeding, evolving creatures coded from the genetic level upwards using a sophisticated biochemistry and neural network brains.
• BBC news story on the creator of Creatures latest creation. Steve Grand's Lucy.
• AARON - artificial intelligence, which creates its own original paintings, developed by Harold Cohen.
• Eurisko - a language for solving problems which consists of heuristics, including heuristics for how to use and change its heuristics. Developed in 1978 by Douglas Lenat.
• X-Ray Vision for Surgeons - a group in MIT which researches medical vision.
• Neural networks-based programs for backgammon and go.
• Talk to William Shakespeare - William Shakespeare chatbot
• - A chat/info bot on #windows95 channel on the DALnet IRC network.
• Ultra Hal, multimedia chatterbot with learning capabilities.
• ALI (Artificial Language Intelligence), chatterbot and chatterbot builder with advance artificial intelligence, easy scripting, and machine learning capabilities.
• djuzeppe Online AI-bot and online Editor for its knowledge base.