Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (also known as machine intelligence and often abbreviated as AI) is intelligence exhibited by any manufactured (i.e. ) system. The term is often applied to general purpose computers and also in the field of scientific investigation into the theory and practical application of AI. "AI" the term is often used in works of science fiction to refer to that which exhibits artificial intelligence as well, as in "the AI" referring to a singular discrete or distributed mechanism.

Further reading

Non-fiction

The following are considered seminal works in the field.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

A longer list is at Important publications in artificial intelligence.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

• ' by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig ISBN 0130803022
• Gödel, Escher, Bach : An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas R. Hofstadter
• Understanding Understanding: Essays on Cybernetics and Cognition by Heinz von Foerster
• In the Image of the Brain: Breaking the Barrier Between Human Mind and Intelligent Machines by Jim Jubak
• Today's Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our Future by Hans Moravec, Stanford University
• The Society of Mind by Marvin Minsky, ISBN 0671657135 15 March 1998
• ' by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert ISBN 0262631113 28 December 1987
• ' by HP Newquist ISBN 0672304120.

Sources

• John McCarthy: Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project On Artificial Intelligence. http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html
• John Searle: Minds, Brains and Programs Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3): 417-457 1980.