Arras

Arras is a city and commune in northern France, préfecture (capital) of the Pas-de-Calais département. In 1999, its population was 43,567.

History

Originally settled by the Celtic tribe of the Atrebates, it later became a Roman garrison town known as Atrebatum.

Related Topics:
Celtic - Atrebates - Roman

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It is located in the former Dutch and French province of Artois. For many centuries, Arras was on the border between France and the Netherlands and it frequently changed hands before firmly becoming French in the late 17th century, the fortifications upgraded by Vauban helping keep it in French hands. The town was closely linked to the trade of Flanders and later became an important centre for sugar beet farming and processing as well as a prosperous market centre.

Related Topics:
Province - Artois - Netherlands - 17th century - Vauban - Flanders - Sugar beet

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The Union of Atrecht was signed here in January 1579 by the states of the Low Countries that were loyal to king Philip II of Habsburg; it provoked the declaration of the Union of Utrecht later the same month. Arras was also the birthplace of Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), French revolutionary leader.

Related Topics:
Union of Atrecht - January - 1579 - Low Countries - King - Philip II - Habsburg - Union of Utrecht - Maximilien Robespierre - 1758 - 1794 - French revolution

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During the First World War, Arras was near the front and a long series of battles fought nearby are known as the Battle of Arras in which a series of medieval tunnels beneath the city, unknown to the Germans, became a decisive factor in the French holding the city. The city, however, was heaviliy damaged and had to be rebuilt after the war. In the Second World War the town was occupied by the Germans and 240 suspected French Resistance members were executed in the Arras citadel.

Related Topics:
First World War - Battle of Arras - Second World War - French Resistance

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See also: Battle of Arras, for a list of battles so named.

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