Arnold J. Toynbee

:This page is about the universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee; for the economic historian Arnold Toynbee see this article. For further Toynbees and related topics see the disambiguation page Toynbee.

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This article - Toynbee

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Arnold Joseph Toynbee (April 14, 1889 - October 22, 1975) was a British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, 1934-1961, was a synthesis of global history, a metahistory based on universal rhythms of rise, flowering and decline. Toynbee articulated a general theory of history and civilization to which professional historians objected. Toynbee's work has found little response in the discipline of comparative history that most occupied him.

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April 14 - 1889 - October 22 - 1975 - Historian - A Study of History - Metahistory

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