Anatoli Boukreev

Anatoli Nikoliavich Boukreev (January 16, 1958 - December 25, 1997) was a Russian climber who made seven ascents of 8,000 metre peaks without supplemental oxygen. Boukrev was relatively unknown, though well accomplished, in the international climbing community until the 1996 spring climbing season on Mount Everest, where eight people died in one of the biggest tragedies in the climbing history of Everest, an event chronicled by Jon Krakauer in a best-selling book.

Everest 1996

Boukreev was the lead climbing guide for the Mountain Madness expedition headed by Scott Fischer. The expedition had eight clients whom each had paid somewhere in the vicinity of $65,000 USD for a fully guided summit attempt of Mt. Everest:

Related Topics:
Guide - Mountain Madness - Scott Fischer - USD - Summit

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• Martin Adams (47)¹ - had climbed Aconcagua, Mount McKinley, Kilimanjaro
• Charlotte Fox (38) - had climbed all 54 14,000' peaks in Colorado and two 8,000m peaks
• Lene Gammelgaard (35) - accomplished mountaineer
• Dale Kruse (45) - personal friend of Fischer for many years, first to sign up
• Tim Madsen (33) - little experience at high altitude, lots on lower peaks
• Sandy Hill Pittman (41) - New York socialite looking to complete the Seven Summits
• Pete Schoening (68) - he had been part of a 1953 summit attempt on K2 (yet unclimbed at the time). They turned back to save the life of a climber who had developed a blood clot. On the descent, Schoening likely saved the lives of five other climbers by a spectacular ice axe arrest when climbers began falling off, after one of them lost his balance.
• Klev Schoening (38) - Pete's nephew; former US national downhill ski racer, no 8,000m experience
  

¹All ages given relative to 1996.

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By May 5, Pete Schoening had decided not to make the final push to the summit while still at Everest base camp. The team began the final assault on the summit by leaving base camp on May 6 with the plan to bypass Camp I and stop at Camp II for the night. However, when Boukreev reached Camp I, he found Dale Kruse in bad shape in one of the tents. Kruse was hoping to rest up, possibly spending the night there instead of going up to Camp II as planned. When Boukreev reached Camp II, he reported Kruse's condition to Fischer and Fischer decided that Kruse had to go down. So Fischer descended to Camp I and took Kruse back down to base camp. Boukreev had offered to take Kruse down but Fischer preferred to do it himself since Kruse was a personal friend.

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Starting around midnight on May 10, Boukreev, Neil Beidleman (guide), Scott Fischer and Sherpas began guiding the six remaining clients to the summit, starting from Camp IV on the South Col (7,900m/25,900'). Boukreev, Beidleman and all six clients eventually reached the summit, but much later than what is considered a safe maximum turnaround time (typically 2pm). Unnecessary delays at the south summit, caused by fixed ropes not being setup by the climbing sherpas by the time the team had reached that point, had cost the team more than one hour of daylight. Boukreev descended to Camp IV, after consulting with Fischer, ahead of the climbers to prepare tea and food upon their return. The storm that rolled in caused many difficulties on the descent, including several climbers getting lost and well off the normal descent route. Fox, Madsen and Pittman managed to reach the South Col but were hopelessly lost in the storm and unable to determine the location of Camp IV. Boukreev heard about these lost climbers and managed to locate them huddled in a circle around 2am on May 11.

Related Topics:
May 10 - Sherpa - May 11

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Fischer did not reach the summit until 3:45pm on May 10. Fischer was feeling ill (possibly suffering from HACE) and had totally exhausted himself on the ascent. He was unable to descend below the South Summit (8,350m/27,395') due to his condition and the storm that had rolled in. On May 11, Boukreev made a solo rescue attempt but found Fischer's nearly frozen body at around 7pm. A memorial cairn for Fischer is located on the crest of a hill near Lobuche.

Related Topics:
HACE - May 11 - Cairn - Lobuche

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In January 1997, Boukreev gave his expedition logs, personal journals, letters and memories to Gary Weston DeWalt who then collected all the information into a book called The Climb. Some of the facts provided in this book differ with the accounts offered in Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air. The Climb was also a response to some of the accusations made by Krakauer in his book concerning the decisions and actions by Boukreev -- e.g. to descend to Camp IV before the clients.

Related Topics:
The Climb - Jon Krakauer - Into Thin Air

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On December 6, 1997, Boukrev was awarded the David A. Sowles Memorial Award by the American Alpine Club for his heroism and devotion in rescuing the three lost climbers.

Related Topics:
December 6 - 1997 - American Alpine Club

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