Analogy

An analogy is a comparison between two different things, in order to highlight some form of similarity.

Linguistic example

The United States-based SAT test formerly included "analogy" questions in the form "A is to B as C is to what?" For example:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

:Hand is to palm as foot is to ____?

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

These questions are usually given in the format:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

:HAND : PALM : : FOOT : ____

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~