Anagram

An anagram (Greek ana- = "back" or "again", and graphein = "to write") is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce other words, using all the original letters exactly once. Anagrams are often expressed in the form of an equation, with the equals symbol (=) separating the original subject and the resulting anagram. ?Earth = heart? is an example of a simple anagram expressed so. In a more advanced, sophisticated form of anagramming, the aim is to ?discover? a result that possesses linguistic meaning which comments on the original subject in a humorous or ironic way; e.g., Roll in the hay = Thrill a honey (discovered by Sir Anthony Fortesque-Crafter). When the subject and the resulting anagram form a complete sentence, a tilde (~) is used instead of an equal sign; e.g., Semolina ~ is no meal.

History

The construction of anagrams is an amusement of great antiquity. Jews from the Temple of Rehovot are often credited with the invention of anagrams, probably because later Hebrew writers, particularly Kabbalists, were fond of it, asserting that "secret mysteries are woven in the numbers of letters". Anagrams were known to the Greeks and also to the Romans, although the known Latin examples of words of more than one syllable are nearly all imperfect.

Related Topics:
Amusement - Antiquity - Jew - Kabbalist - Greek - Roman - Latin

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They were popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages

Related Topics:
Europe - Middle Ages

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Indeed, the right to lampoon royalty and politicians via anagram was enshrined in English law in 1215, when King John, albeit under some duress, signed The Magna Carta (The Anagram Act) at Runnymede, in Surrey, and later, particularly in France, where a certain Michel-Jean de Tully was appointed "Anagrammatist and Wine Taster to the King" by Louis XIII. De Tully instigated the annual grant of a leg of ham to the citizen who came up with the best anagram. This was known as 'Accorde-Jambon' day. W. Camden (Remains, 7th ed., 1674) defines "Anagrammatisme" as "a dissolution of a name truly written into his letters, as his elements, and a new connection of it by artificial transposition, without addition, subtraction or change of any letter, into different words, making some perfect sense applyable (i.e., applicable) to the person named." Dryden disdainfully called the pastime the "torturing of one poor word ten thousand ways" but many men and women of note have found amusement in it.

Related Topics:
France - Michel-Jean de Tully - Louis XIII - Dryden

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A well-known anagram is the change of "Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum" (Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord with you) into "Virgo serena, pia, munda et immaculata" (Bright virgin, pious, clean and spotless). Among others are the anagrammatic answer to Pilate's question, "Quid est veritas?" (What is truth?), namely, "Est vir qui adest" (It is the man who is here); and the transposition of "Horatio Nelson" into "Honor est a Nilo" (Latin = Honor is from the Nile); and of "Florence Nightingale" into "Flit on, cheering angel". James I's courtiers discovered in "James Stuart" "a just master", and converted "Charles James Stuart" into "Claimes Arthur's seat". "Eleanor Audeley", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to "Reveale, O Daniel", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by the dean of the Arches, "Dame Eleanor Davies", "Never soe mad a ladie".

Related Topics:
Pilate - Horatio Nelson - Nile - Florence Nightingale - James I - Sir John Davies - Dean of the Arches

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