American Dream
The American Dream is the idea (often associated with the Protestant work ethic) held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. What the American Dream has become is a question under constant discussion.
Related Topics:
Protestant work ethic - United States of America
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The origin of the American Dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unprecedented freedom, especially the possibility of dramatic upward social mobility. Additionally, from the Revolutionary War well into the later half of the nineteenth century, many of America's physical resources were unclaimed and often, but lucky investment in land or industry. The development of the Industrial Revolution defined the mineral and land wealth which was there in abundance, contrary to the environmental riches such as huge herds of bison and diversity of forests, for the original Native Americans.
Related Topics:
Government - Economics - Old World - Social mobility - Revolutionary War - Industrial Revolution - Native Americans
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Many early American prospectors headed west of the Rocky Mountains to buy acres of cheap land in hopes of finding deposits of gold. The American Dream was a driving factor not only in the Gold Rush of the mid to late 1800s, but also in the waves of immigration throughout that century and the following.
Related Topics:
Prospector - Rocky Mountains - Gold Rush - Immigration
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Impoverished western Europeans escaping the Irish potato famines in Ireland, the Highland clearances in Scotland and the aftermath of Napoleon in the rest of Europe came to America to escape a poor quality of life at home. They wanted to embrace the promise of financial security and constitutional freedom they had heard existed so widely in the United States.
Related Topics:
Irish potato famine - Highland clearances - Napoleon
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During the mid-to-late ninteenth century prolific dime novel writer Horatio Alger, Jr. became famous for his novels that idealized the American Dream. His novels about down-and-out bootblacks who were able to achieve wealth and success helped entrench the dream within popular culture.
Related Topics:
Dime novel - Horatio Alger, Jr.
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Nearing the twentieth century, major industrialist personalities became the new model of the American Dream, many beginning life in the humblest of conditions but later controlling enormous corporations and fortunes. Perhaps most notable here were the great American capitalists Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
Related Topics:
Industrialist - Andrew Carnegie - John D. Rockefeller
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This acquisition of great wealth appeared to demonstrate that if you had talent, intelligence, and a willingness to work extremely hard, you were likely to be a success in life as a result.
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Throughout the 19th century, immigrants fled the monarchies of Western Europe and their post-feudal economies, which actively oppressed the peasant class. These economic systems required high levels of taxation, which stymied development. The American economy, however, was built up by people who were consciously free of these constraints.
Related Topics:
Monarchies - Western Europe - Feudal
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Settlement in the new world provided hope for egalitarianism. Martin Luther King invoked the American Dream in what is perhaps his most famous speech:
Related Topics:
Martin Luther King - His most famous speech
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:"Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American Dream." etc. etc.
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~ Table of Content ~
| ► | Introduction |
| ► | Immigration |
| ► | The American Dream today |
| ► | Criticism |
| ► | See also |
| ► | External links |
~ Community ~
| ► | History Forum Come and discuss about History, Civilizations, Historical Events and Figures |
| ► | History Web-Ring A community of sites, blogs and forums dedicated to History. Do not hesitate to submit your site. |
Latest news on american dream
Joining Hannity, Cincinnati radio host Cunningham repeatedly misled on Raines' purported role with Obama campaign
On the September 28 broadcast of his Cincinnati-based radio program, Bill Cunningham falsely claimed that former Fannie Mae CEO Franklin Raines is Sen. Barack Obama's "chief financial adviser," echoing a false claim by Fox News host Sean Hannity. Subsequently, on September 30, Cunningham baselessly claimed that Raines is "currently an adviser" to Obama. As Media Matters for America has documented, the McCain campaign has released an ad citing a July 16 Washington Post article for the claim that Raines "advises" Obama, a claim that both Raines and the Obama campaign have denied. However, not even the McCain ad claimed that Raines is Obama's "chief" adviser. Moreover, in a September 19 Fact Checker blog post, Washington Post writer Michael Dobbs reported that the McCain campaign's basis for its claim was the Post article's statement that Raines had "taken calls from Barack Obama's presidential campaign seeking his advice on mortgage and housing policy matters." Dobbs added that he asked the Washington Post business reporter Anita Huslin -- the article's author -- "to provide the exact circumstances of the quote" cited in the McCain ad. Dobbs reported: She explained that she was chatting with Raines during the photo shoot, and asked "if he was engaged at all with the Democrats' quest for the White House. He said that he had gotten a couple of calls from the Obama campaign. I asked him about what, and he said 'oh, general housing, economy issues.' ('Not mortgage/foreclosure meltdown or Fannie-specific,' I asked, and he said 'no.')" Dobbs also stated, "The McCain campaign is clearly exaggerating wildly in attempting to depict Franklin Raines as a close adviser to Obama on 'housing and mortgage policy.' " Dobbs continued: "If we are to believe Raines, he did have a couple of telephone conversations with someone in the Obama campaign. But that hardly makes him an adviser to the candidate himself -- and certainly not in the way depicted in the McCain video release." From the September 30 broadcast of Clear Channel's The Big Show with Bill Cunningham: CALLER: But my real problem is with you, Willie, and how you always seem to throw race into -- just like that last conversation. I don't even know what that was about. OK, NAACP -- they took an invitation from one guy. I mean, I just don't understand why race has to be such a big part of your conversation. CUNNINGHAM: Phillip, because the Democrats and American society and the NAACP make race part of everything in America. But going back to your first point, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were government sponsored enterprises, GSEs, that were run by Democrats. Until 2005, the leader of Fannie Mae was a guy named Franklin Raines, who was Clinton's OMB director and is currently an adviser to Obama. Franklin Raines ran Fannie Mae into the ground, took $93 million in salary and bonuses and sued various banks for not loaning to minorities and to other poor Americans because he believed that everyone in America should have the American dream. Why do you think, Phillip, the black community has been more devastated by subprime if the black community was not targeted by Fannie and Freddie? [...] CUNNINGHAM: Republican [Rep. Chris] Shays [CT] is questioning Franklin Raines, who is Obama's economic adviser today. SHAYS [audio clip]: And you have about 3 percent of your portfolio set aside. If a bank gets below 4 percent, they are in deep trouble. So I just want you to explain to me why I shouldn't be satisfied with 3 percent -- RAINES [audio clip]: Because banks don't -- there aren't any banks who only have multi-family and single-family loans. [...] CUNNINGHAM: Goldman Sachs -- you know -- you don't know this, but Paulson -- CO-HOST: Who's he play for? -- CUNNINGHAM: He worked at Goldman Sachs - CO-HOST: Who's he play for? CUNNINGHAM: CEO of Goldman Sachs. CO-HOST: And what's he worth? About $28 trillion? CUNNINGHAM: No, $500 million. CO-HOST: Is that all? CUNNINGHAM: Now, which -- which Wall Street firm -- CO-HOST: And he's running the treasury? CUNNINGHAM: Yeah. Who does he want to help? Goldman Sachs. Why isn't that like a scandal? CO-HOST: Do you blame him? CUNNINGHAM: No, I don't blame him. I don't know. And Obama's talking about the economy when his adviser is Franklin Raines. CO-HOST: You know, that's a good point. In the next debate, if somebody says "Main Street," I'm going to go there and I'm going to knock them out. From the September 28 broadcast of Live on Sunday Night, It's Bill Cunningham, syndicated by Premiere Radio Networks: OBAMA [audio clip]: You know, House Democrats and Senate Democrats, and me, and the leadership are all pretty burned up about this thing. This wasn't happening on our watch. BIDEN [audio clip]: Name me one single solitary fundamental difference that he has with President George W. Bush, and then tell me, if you're not going to change any policies, how the next four years would be any better than the last eight years. CUNNINGHAM: Obama was so outraged, he hires the CEO of Fannie Mae to be his chief economic adviser, Franklin Raines. That's how angry Obama was. [...] CUNNINGHAM: So the banks were threatened with redlining lawsuits and with sex discrimination and with sexual proclivity discrimination and race discrimination if they did not loan quickly to Democratic core constituency groups. And Franklin Raines, who controlled Fannie Mae from 1999 to 2004, received about $93 million in money and was appointed by Obama as one of his chief financial advisers. And if McCain cannot point out those obvious facts, why should I waste my time doing it every Sunday night? [...] CUNNINGHAM: During Friday's debate, I thought, you know, if John McCain is not even willing to look at Barack Obama or point a finger at Barack Obama, nor act animated toward me as an American voter, why do I come on Sunday night, carrying his water when he won't carry it himself? That's what I saw Friday night. I think he did well on foreign policy matters -- he could name the prime minister of the Republic of Georgia and talk about Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia and Poland -- but in the beginning he had an opportunity to separate himself from the Bush administration and Nancy Pelosi and failed to do so, by acting -- shrugging his shoulders and acting as if, "Well, I'll probably vote for this thing." Espouse conservative principles about how we got into this crisis because mortgages were offered to members of the Democratic core constituency group, and also talk about how I opposed it -- how he opposed it, McCain opposed it, in' 01 and '03 and many other times in between, and how Obama's chief financial adviser was the CEO of Fannie Mae and that he received the second most money from Fannie and Freddie during his short four years in the U.S. Senate, that he's been running for the presidency almost from the day he got there. Why can't McCain say these things?
Letters to the Editor
Readers write about absolute morals in a pluralistic society; revisions for the American dream; and why it's not a bailout, it's an investment.
The evolution of the American dream
There's a sense of skepticism about it now.
A new social contract for America
The American Dream can't thrive on World War II-era policies.
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