Aleksey Shchusev

Aleksey Viktorovich Shchusev ({{lang-ru|??????? ?????????? ?????}}) (September 26, 1873, Kishinev - May 24, 1949, Moscow) was an acclaimed Russian architect whose works may be regarded as a bridge connecting Revivalist architecture of Imperial Russia with Stalin's Empire Style.

Related Topics:
September 26 - 1873 - Kishinev - May 24 - 1949 - Moscow - Russia - Revival - Imperial Russia - Stalin - Empire Style

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Schusev studied under Leon Benois and Ilya Repin at the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1891-97. From 1894 to 1899, he travelled in North Africa and Central Asia. Schusev was a diligent student of old Russian art and won public acclaim with his restoration of the 12th-century St Basil Church in Ovruch, Ukraine. He dwelt on 15th-century Muscovite architecture to design the Trinity Cathedral in Pochaevo Lavra and a memorial church on the Kulikovo Field. He was then commissioned by the royal family to design a cathedral for Marfo-Mariinsky Convent in Moscow. The result was a charming medieval structure of the purest Novgorodian style (1908-12).

Related Topics:
Leon Benois - Ilya Repin - Imperial Academy of Arts - 1894 - 1899 - North Africa - Central Asia - Ovruch - Ukraine - Pochaevo - Lavra - Kulikovo Field - Marfo-Mariinsky Convent - Moscow - Novgorod

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Schusev embarked upon his most wide-scale project in 1913, when his design for the Kazan Railway Station won a contest for a Moscow terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway. This Art Nouveau design fused elements of the Kremlin towers and traditional Tatar architecture in one of the most imaginative Revivalist designs ever put to execution. The construction of the railway station, however, was not finished until 1940.

Related Topics:
1913 - Trans-Siberian Railway - Art Nouveau - Kremlin towers - 1940

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After briefly experimenting with Neoclassicism, Schusev turned to Constructivism in the 1920s. Upon Lenin's death in 1924 he was asked to design a mausoleum for him. It took him just several days to come up with an original architectural solution blending Constructivist elements with features taken from some ancient mausoleums, i.e., the Step Pyramid and the Tomb of Cyrus. Other notable Constructivist designs of Shchusev were the Ministry of Agriculture in Moscow (1928-33) and the Institute of Resorts in Sochi (1927-31).

Related Topics:
Neoclassicism - Constructivism - Lenin - 1924 - Mausoleum - Original architectural solution - Step Pyramid - Tomb of Cyrus - Sochi

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After the mausoleum commission, Schusev was cherished by the Communist authorities. In 1926, he was nominated director of the Tretyakov Gallery. He was appointed head of the group that designed major bridges and apartment complexes in Moscow. His name was attached to the luxurious designs of the Hotel Moskva just a fews steps from Kremlin (1930-38) and the NKVD headquarters on Lubyanka Square (1940-47). Some say that he was the first to come up with the idea of Gothic scyscrapers in Moscow.

Related Topics:
1926 - Tretyakov Gallery - Moscow - NKVD - Lubyanka Square - Gothic scyscrapers in Moscow

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It is debated whether these Stalinist designs were really Schusev's or if they were actually executed by his disciples. The discussion of their artistic merits was exacerbated when the Moscow authorities announced their intention to demolish the Hotel Moskva in 2004. Actually, all these designs, whether executed for Moscow, Tbilisi or Tashkent, featured Schusev's trademark blend of Neoclassical elements with national architectural traditions.

Related Topics:
2004 - Moscow - Tbilisi - Tashkent

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In 1946, Shchusev established the Museum of Architecture, which helped to preserve remnants of demolished medieval churches and monasteries. His last works of importance were the Komsomolskaya Subway Station, whose decoration was stylized after 17th-century Muscovite churches, and the plan for reconstruction of Novgorod after the old city had been destroyed by the Nazis. Shchusev died 4 years after the WWII and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Related Topics:
1946 - Museum of Architecture - Novgorod - WWII - Novodevichy Cemetery

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Shchusev was awarded the Stalin Prizes in 1941, 1946, 1948, and posthumously in 1952, the Order of Lenin and other orders and medals.

Related Topics:
Stalin Prize - 1941 - 1946 - 1948 - 1952 - Order of Lenin

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