Al-Andalus

Al-ʾAndalus (Arabic ???????) is the Arabic name given to the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Emirate (ca 750-929) and Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031) and its taifa successor kingdoms specifically, and in general to territories under Muslim rule (711-1492). As Iberia was slowly regained by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, in the long process known as the Reconquista, the name "al-Andalus" came to refer the Muslim-dominated lands of the former Roman Hispania Baetica, Hispania Lusitania and Hispania Tarraconensis, within an ever-southward-moving frontier. See also Andalusia and Andalusia (disambiguation)

References

• Claudio Sanchez Albornoz, El Islam de España y el Occidente. Madrid, 1974.
• Hugh Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal : A Political History of al-Andalus, Longman, 1996 (ISBN: 0-582-49515-6)
• Roger Collins, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797, Blackwell, 1989 (ISBN: 0-631-19405-3)
• Mark Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages Princeton University Press, 1995 ISBN 069101082X
• Joel Kraemer, "Comparing Crescent and Cross," The Journal of Religion, Vol. 77, No. 3. (Jul., 1997), pp. 449-454. (Book review)