Al-Andalus

Al-ʾAndalus (Arabic ???????) is the Arabic name given to the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Emirate (ca 750-929) and Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031) and its taifa successor kingdoms specifically, and in general to territories under Muslim rule (711-1492). As Iberia was slowly regained by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, in the long process known as the Reconquista, the name "al-Andalus" came to refer the Muslim-dominated lands of the former Roman Hispania Baetica, Hispania Lusitania and Hispania Tarraconensis, within an ever-southward-moving frontier. See also Andalusia and Andalusia (disambiguation)

Further reading

• Manuela Marin, et al. editors, The Formation of Al-Andalus: History and Society (inm series The Formation of the Classical Islamic World, Vol 46) 1999. ISBN 0860787087
• David Luscombe, editor, et al. The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, c.1024-c.1198, Part 1 (in series The New Cambridge Medieval History)
• Maria Rosa Menocal, "Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain", 2002. Black Bay Books. ISBN 0316168718
• For an extensive bibliography see: Claudio Sanchez Albornoz, (Wikipedia in Spanish)