Adult attention-deficit disorder

Adult attention deficit disorder (AADD) is the common terminology for the psychiatric condition currently known as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD), when it occurs in adulthood. Although the exact prevalence in adults is unknown, epidemiologic studies thus far reveal that the condition, marked by inattentiveness, difficulty getting work done, procrastination, or organization problems, probably exists in about 2-4% of adults. The condition persists to adulthood in about half of children diagnosed with the disorder.

Diagnosis

A multi-factored evaluation of an individual is important in the diagnosis of ADD. Diagnostic assessment of adults should be made by a clinician or a team of clinicians with expertise in the area of attentional dysfunction and related conditions. A professional diagnosis is the only way to distinguish true ADHD or ADD from other conditions that may cause symptoms that mimic ADHD. Most of the technical criteria are set out for professionals if designed for use with childhood onset, but can be easily adapted to the different world of an adult.

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The diagnosis criteria require multiple symptoms observed in multiple settings (school, home, work, etc.) within the preceding 6 months. The full criteria are listed at this link: Diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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It is important to note that the symptoms must clearly impair the individual's functioning. For children, one would generally expect that the symptoms would have a negative impact on academic performance, ability to meet appropriate behavioral expectations (following rules), and their ability to get along with others. Even if the checklist number of symptoms were met, and in multiple settings, if the symptoms were mild and did not create difficulties in any of these areas, then ADHD would not be diagnosed.

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The diagnosis of ADHD is not a simple matter. It requires that careful attention is given to a number of specific symptoms; that information about a child's functioning is collected from different sources (at least parents and a teacher); that there is a clear indication of impaired functioning in important life areas; and that other possible explanations for the child's symptoms are ruled out. http://www.attention.com/library/articles/s_article.jsp?id=525&keywordId=7

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Psychological testing for ADHD

Psychological testing for ADHD symptoms generally consists of obtaining multiple types of assessments. These usually include a clinical interview reviewing the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD diagnosis. The interview also needs to rule out as much as possible other types of syndromes which can cause attention problems, such as depression, anxiety, allergies and psychosis. Rating scales can be administered which provide measurement of the person's own view of their symptoms, as well as the views of parents, teachers, and significant others. Finally, computerized tests of attention can be helpful in providing a further independent assessment. These different assessments may not be consistent, but do provide a view of the person's difficulties. Subjectivity of the analysis can be compounded by the fact that physicians generally need not order psychological testing in order to make the diagnosis of ADHD, but many doctors use this kind of assessment to avoid over-diagnosis and treatment. The process of obtaining referrals for such assessments is being promoted vigorously by the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health.

Related Topics:
Depression - Anxiety - Allergies - Psychosis - President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health

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Adult patients seeking a possible diagnosis may especially benefit from psychological assessment due to the greater ability to provide history and input. The relationship thus established may also help with behavioral solutions in addition to any medication which may be indicated.

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Other forms of testing

Neurometrics, PET scans, or SPECT scans have been used for a more objective diagnosis. However, these may only be supplemental to the interview and behavioral criteria.

Related Topics:
Neurometrics - PET - SPECT

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