19th century

:Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical)

Events

• 1801: The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom.
• 1801-15: Barbary Wars between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa
• 1803: The United States buys out France's territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase.
• 1804-06: Americans Meriwether Lewis and William Clark lead an expedition to the Pacific Coast and back.
• 1805-48: Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt.
• 1806: Holy Roman Empire dissolved.
• 1810-21: Mexican War of Independence
• 1810s-20s: South American Wars of Independence
• 1812-15: War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain
• 1815: Congress of Vienna redraws the European map.
• 1815: Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo brings a conclusion to the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1816: Year Without a Summer
• 1816-28: Shaka's Zulu kingdom becomes the largest in Southern Africa.
• 1819: The modern city of Singapore is established by the British East India Company.
• 1820: Liberia founded by the American Colonization Society for freed American slaves.
• 1821-32: Greek War of Independence
• 1830: France invades and occupies Algeria.
• 1830: Belgian Revolution
• 1833: Slavery Abolition Act bans slavery throughout the British Empire.
• 1833-76: Carlist Wars in Spain.
• 1834: Spanish Inquisition officially ends.
• 1835-36: Texas Revolution in Mexico
• 1837-1901: Queen Victoria's reign is considered the apex of the British Empire and is referred to as the Victorian era.
• 1839-60: After two Opium Wars, Great Britain, France, the United States and Russia gain many concessions from China.
• 1845-49: Irish Potato Famine
• 1846-48: The Mexican-American War leads to Mexico's cession of much of the modern-day Southwestern United States.
• 1848: The Communist Manifesto published.
• 1848: Revolutions of 1848 in Europe
• 1848-58: California Gold Rush
• 1851-60s: Victorian gold rush in Australia
• 1851-64: The Taiping Rebellion in China
• 1854: The Convention of Kanagawa formally ends Japan's policy of Sakoku.
• 1854-56: Crimean War between Great Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Russia
• 1855: Bessemer process enables steel to be mass produced.
• 1856: World's first oil refinery in Romania
• 1857-58: Indian rebellion of 1857
• 1859: The Origin of Species published.
• 1861-65: American Civil War between the Union and seceding Confederacy
• 1864-67: French intervention in Mexico
• 1865-77: Reconstruction in the United States
• 1866: Successful transatlantic telegraph cable follows an earlier attempt in 1858.
• 1866: Austro-Prussian War results in the dissolution of the German Confederation and the creation of the North German Confederation.
• 1866-69: Meiji Restoration in Japan
• 1867: The United States purchased Alaska from Russia.
• 1867: Canadian Confederation formed.
• 1869: First Transcontinental Railroad completed in United States.
• 1869: The Suez Canal opens linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
• 1870-71: Franco-Prussian War results in the unifications of Germany and Italy.
• 1872: Yellowstone National Park created.
• 1874: The British East India Company is dissolved.
• 1877: Great Railroad Strike in the United States may have been the world's first nationwide labor strike.
• 1877-78: The Balkans are freed from the Ottoman Empire after another Russo-Turkish War.
• 1878: First commercial telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut.
• 1879: Anglo-Zulu War in South Africa.
• 1879-84: War of the Pacific between Peru, Bolivia and Chile.
• 1880-1902: Great Britain conquers Dutch settlers in South Africa in two Boer Wars.
• 1882: First electrical power plant and grid in Manhattan.
• 1884-85: The Berlin Conference signals the start of the European Scramble for Africa. Attending nations also agree to ban trade in slaves.
• 1890: The Wounded Knee Massacre is the last battle in the American Indian Wars.
• 1894-95: After the First Sino-Japanese War, China cedes Taiwan to Japan and grants Japan a free hand in Korea.
• 1895-1896: Ethiopia defeated Italy in the First Italo-Abyssinian War.
• 1896: Olympic games revived in Athens.
• 1896: Klondike Gold Rush in Canada
• 1898: The United States gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.
• 1898-1900: The Boxer Rebellion in China is suppressed by an Eight-Nation Alliance.
• 1899-1913: The Philippine-American War