1863 - What happened in 1863 ?
January 1863
Thursday 01:
The first claim under the Homestead Act is made by Daniel Freeman for a farm in Nebraska.
Thursday 08:
Battle of Springfield of the American Civil War is fought.
Saturday 10:
The first section of the London Underground Railway opens, between Paddington and Farringdon Street.
Monday 26:
American Civil War: Massachusetts Governor receives permission from Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent.
Thursday 29:
Bear River Massacre
February 1863
Saturday 07:
HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.
Tuesday 10:
Alanson Crane patents the fire extinguisher.
Tuesday 24:
Arizona is organized as a United States territory.
Thursday 26:
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the National Currency Act into law.
March 1863
Tuesday 03:
Idaho Territory organized as a political division of the United States.
Monday 30:
Prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is chosen as King George I of Greece.
April 1863
Thursday 02:
Richmond Bread Riots: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand the Confederate government to release emergency supplies.
Thursday 16:
American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg – 12 ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi. Only one ship is lost.
Tuesday 21:
Quantrill's Raiders launch a reprisal raid Lawrence, Kansas in the Battle of Lawrence, killing a number of civilians.
Wednesday 22:
American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
Friday 24:
The Keyesville Massacre: a massacre of 53 Native American men from the Tehachapi tribe in Keyesville, California.
May 1863
Friday 01:
American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins – Union forces under Major General Joseph Hooker begin to fight Confederate troops commanded by General Robert E. Lee (Union defeat).
Monday 04:
American Civil War: Battle of Chancellorsville – The battle ends with a Union retreat.
Thursday 14:
American Civil War: Battle of Jackson (MS).
Sunday 17:
Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, her first book in the Galician language.
Thursday 28:
American Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts, the first African American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts, to fight for the Union.
June 1863
Sunday 07:
Mexico City is captured by French troops.
Sunday 14:
American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
Wednesday 17:
Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War
Saturday 20:
West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
Monday 29:
George Custer is appointed as a U.S. Union brigadier-general
July 1863
Wednesday 01:
American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
Friday 03:
U.S. Civil War: The final and bloodiest day of the Battle of Gettysburg.
Saturday 04:
Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of seige.
Saturday 18:
American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.
Sunday 26:
At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
August 1863
Saturday 08:
American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (Davis will refuse the request upon receipt).
Saturday 15:
The Satsuma war begins between the Satsuma clan and Great Britain (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863).
Monday 17:
American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter. Bombardment will not end until December 31, 1863.
Friday 21:
Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by Confederate guerillas Quantrill's Raiders in the Lawrence Massacre.
September 1863
Sunday 06:
American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
Tuesday 08:
On the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.
Wednesday 09:
American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Saturday 19:
American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga
Sunday 20:
American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends.
October 1863
Saturday 03:
Thanksgiving Day declared as the last Thursday in November by President Abraham Lincoln.
Wednesday 14:
Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union Army out of Virginia.
Thursday 15:
American Civil War: The first successful submarine, the CSS Hunley sinks during a test, killing its inventor.
Monday 26:
The Football Association is formed
Saturday 31:
The Maori Wars resumed as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron began their Invasion of the Waikato.
November 1863
Monday 16:
American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee. Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
Thursday 19:
American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
Monday 23:
Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
Tuesday 24:
Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.
Thursday 26:
Union forces under General George Meade position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee
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